Periodic Table

2.4 The Periodic Table

• The Periodic Table is used to organize the elements in a meaningful way.
• As a consequence of this organization, there are periodic properties associated with the periodic table.
• Columns in the periodic table are called groups.
 Several numbering conventions are used (i.e. groups may be numbered from 1 to 18, or from 1A to 8A, and from 1B to 8B).
• Rows in the periodic table are called periods.
• Some of the groups in the periodic table are given special names.
 These names indicate the similarities among group members.
 Examples:
• Group 1 or (1A): alkali metals
• Group 17 or (7A): halogens
• Metallic elements are located on the left hand-side of the periodic table (most of the elements are metals).
• Nonmetallic elements are located in the top right-hand side of the periodic table.
• Elements with properties similar to both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids and are located at the interface between the metals and nonmetals.
 These include the elements B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
• Metals tend to be malleable, ductile, and lustrous and are good thermal and electrical conductors. Nonmetals generally lack these properties; they tend to be brittle solids, dull in appearance, and do not conduct heat of electricity well.

CHEMISTRY The Central Science 8th Edition Brown, LeMay, Bursten Ch 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions