Ch 14 Gas Law Problem

Assume that one cubic foot of air near a thermonuclear explosion is heated from zero degrees celsius to 546, 000 degrees celsius. what will the volume be?

Ch 22 Functional Groups

(40)Give the IUPAC name for each compound. Hint




22.1 Hydrocarbons

(37)Draw condensed structural formulas for pentane and hexane. Assume that the C ― H and C ― C bonds are understood. Hint

(38)Name the alkanes that have the following molecular or structural formulas.Hint

1.




CH3CH2CH3
2.


CH3(CH2)6CH3
3.


(39)Draw structures for the alkyl groups derived from methane, ethane, and propane. Hint


(41)Why are alkane molecules nonpolar? Hint
22.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

(42)Give a systematic name for these alkenes. Hint

1.

CH3CH = CH2
2.

3.

4.

(43)Name and draw a structural formula for each alkene with the molecular formula C5H10. Hint
22.3 Isomers

(44)Draw and name all the structural isomers with the molecular formula C6H14. (You may wish to draw only the carbon skeletons.) Hint

(45)Draw one structural isomer of each compound. Hint

1.

2.

(46)Draw a structural formula or carbon skeleton for each of the following alkenes. If cis and trans forms are present, include both forms. Hint

1.

2-pentene
2.

2-methyl-2-pentene
3.

3-ethyl-2-pentene

(47)Do all molecules have optical isomers? Explain. Hint

(48)Can you draw a structural isomer of hexane (C6H14) that has an asymmetric carbon? Explain.Hint
22.4 Hydrocarbon Rings

(49)Draw a structural formula for each compound. Hint

1.

1,4-diethylbenzene
2.

2-methyl-3-phenylpentane
3.

1,3-dimethylbenzene

(50)Explain why both of these structures represent 1,2-diethylbenzene. Hint

22.5 Hydrocarbons From Earth’s Crust

(51)How are catalysts used in petroleum refining? Hint

(52)Rank these materials in order of increasing hardness: bituminous coal, peat, lignite, and anthracite coal.Hint

(53)What happens to the sulfur when coal burns?Hint
Understanding Concepts

(54)Why are the following names incorrect? What are the correct names? Hint

1.

2-dimethylpentane
2.

1,3-dimethylpropane
3.

3-methylbutane
4.

3,4-dimethylbutane

(55)For each hydrocarbon shown, identify the type of covalent bonds and name the compound.Hint

(56)Write structural formulas for these compounds.

1.

propyneHint
2.

cyclohexaneHint
3.

2-phenylpropaneHint
4.

2,2,4-trimethylpentaneHint

(57)Name the next three higher homologs of ethane. Hint

(58)Compare geometric and optical isomers.Hint

(59)Draw electron dot structures for each compound.

1.

etheneHint
2.

propane Hint
3.

ethyne Hint
4.

cyclobutane Hint

(60)Write an equation for the combustion of octane. Hint

(61)Compare these three molecular structures. Which would you expect to be most stable? Why? Hint

(62)The seven organic chemicals produced in the largest amounts in the United States in a recent year are listed in the table below. Answer the following questions based on the data given. Hint

1.

How many billion kilograms of aromatic compounds were produced?
2.

Of the total mass of all seven compounds produced, what percent by mass was made up of aliphatic compounds?

(63)Are these two structures geometric isomers? Explain your answer. Hint

(64)Use the labeled features in the molecular structure to answer the following questions.

Ch 13 Kinetic Theory

Use the graph to answer Questions 1 and 2.



(1)What is the normal boiling point of ethanol?Hint

(2)Can chloroform be heated to 90°C in an open container?Hint

(3)Which sequence has the states of CH3OH correctly ordered in terms of increasing average kinetic energy?Hint

1. CH3OH(s), CH3OH(g), CH3OH(l)
2. CH3OH(g), CH3OH(l), CH3OH(s)
3. CH3OH(l), CH3OH(g), CH3OH(s)
4. CH3OH(s), CH3OH(l), CH3OH(g)

Use the drawing to answer Questions 4–6. The same liquid is in each flask.

(4)In which flask is the vapor pressure lower? Give a reason for your answer.Hint

(5)In which flask is the liquid at the higher temperature? Explain your answer.Hint

(6)How can the vapor pressure in each flask be determined?Hint

For each question there are two statements. Decide whether each statement is true or false. Then decide whether Statement II is a correct explanation for Statement I.

(7)In an open container, the rate of evaporation of a liquid always equals the rate of condensation.

BECAUSE

A dynamic equilibrium exists between the liquid and its vapor in an open container. Hint

(8)Water boils at a temperature below 100°C on top of a mountain.

BECAUSE

Atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in altitude. Hint

(9)The temperature of a substance always increases as heat is added to the substance.

BECAUSE

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance increase with an increase in temperature.Hint

(10)Solids have a fixed volume.

BECAUSE

Particles in a solid cannot move.Hint

(11)Gases are more compressible than liquids.

BECAUSE

There is more space between particles in a gas than between particles in a liquid.Hint

Ch 14 Gas Laws 2

(1)A gas in a balloon at constant pressure has a volume of 120.0 mL at −123°C. What is its volume at 27.0°C?Hint

1. 60.0 mL
2. 240.0 mL
3. 26.5 mL
4. 546 mL

(2)If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is tripled and the volume is doubled, the new pressure will beHint

1. 1/6 the original pressure.
2. 2/3 the original pressure.
3. 3/2 the original pressure.
4. 5 times the original pressure.

(3)Which of these gases effuses fastest?Hint

1. Cl2
2. NO2
3. NH3
4. N2

(4)All the oxygen gas from a 10.0-L container at a pressure of 202 kPa is added to a 20.0-L container of hydrogen at a pressure of 505 kPa. After the transfer, what are the partial pressures of oxygen and hydrogen?Hint

1. Oxygen is 101 kPa; hydrogen is 505 kPa.
2. Oxygen is 202 kPa; hydrogen is 505 kPa.
3. Oxygen is 101 kPa; hydrogen is 253 kPa.
4. Oxygen is 202 kPa; hydrogen is 253 kPa.

(5)Which of the following changes would increase the pressure of a gas in a closed container?Hint

1.

Part of the gas is removed.
2.

The container size is decreased.
3.

Temperature is increased.

1. I and II only
2. II and III only
3. I and III only
4. I, II, and III

(6)A real gas behaves most nearly like an ideal gasHint

1. at high pressure and low temperature.
2. at low pressure and high temperature.
3. at low pressure and low temperature.
4. at high pressure and high temperature.

Use the graphs to answer Questions 7–10. A graph may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Which graph shows each of the following?

(7)directly proportional relationshipHint Link

(8)graph with slope = 0Hint Link

(9)inversely proportional relationshipHint Link

(10)graph with a constant slopeHint Link

Use the drawing to answer Questions 11 and 12.

(11)Bulb A and bulb C contain different gases. Bulb B contains no gas. If the valves between the bulbs are opened, how will the particles of gas be distributed when the system reaches equilibrium? Assume none of the particles are in the tubes that connect the bulbs.Hint

(12)Make a three-bulb drawing with 6 blue spheres in bulb A, 9 green spheres in bulb B, and 12 red spheres in bulb C. Then draw the setup to represent the distribution of gases after the valves are opened and the system reaches equilibrium.Hint

Ch 14 Gas Laws

How does kinetic theory explain the compressibility of gases?Hint

Use this description to answer Questions 65 and 66.

A teacher adds 1 mL of water to an empty metal soda can. The teacher heats the can over a burner until the water boils and then quickly plunges the can upside down in an ice-water bath. The can immediately collapses inward as though crushed in a trash compactor.

(65)Use kinetic theory to explain why the can collapsed inward.Hint

(66)If the experiment were done with a dry can, would the results be similar? Explain.Hint

Bonus Question Ch 19 (EP 6)

Find Kb and pKb for the acetate ion CH3COO-. The ionization constant of CH3COOH is Ka=1.75 x 10-5 (this is to -5 power); Kw=1.00 x 10-14--this is to the -14 power.

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Bonus Question Set 1 Ch 2

Explain why mass cannot be used as a property to identify a sample of matter?

On page 59 of your Prentice Hall Chemistry Book, answer questions 60-63

(28) Key Concept How does a chemical change affect the composition of matter? Hint

(29) Key Concept Name four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place.Hint

(30) Key Concept In a chemical reaction, how does the mass of the reactants compare with the mass of the products?Hint

(31)What is the main difference between physical changes and chemical changes?

Bonus Question Set 1 ch 1

You are asked to design an experiment to answer the question which is the best paper towel in thailand?

a) what is the manipulated variable in your experiment
b) list three possible responding variables that could be used to define best
c) pick one of the responding variables and rewrite the question as a hypothesis
d) list at least five factors that must be kept constant when you test the hypothesis