Factors Affecting Solubility
You have read that solubility is defined as the mass of solute that dissolves in a given mass of a solvent at a specified temperature. Temperature affects the solubility of solid, liquid, and gaseous solutes in a solvent; both temperature and pressure affect the solubility of gaseous solutes.
Temperature
The solubility of most solid substances increases as the temperature of the solvent increases. Figure 16.4 shows how the solubility of several substances changes as temperature increases. The mineral deposits around hot springs, such as the one shown in Figure 16.5, result from the cooling of the hot, saturated solution of minerals emerging from the spring. As the solution cools in air, it cannot contain the same concentration of minerals as it did at a higher temperature, so some of the minerals precipitate.
Figure 16.5 Mineral deposits form around the edges of this hot spring because the hot water is saturated with minerals. As the water cools, some of the minerals crystallize because they are less soluble at the lower temperature.
For a few substances, solubility decreases with temperature. For example, the solubility of ytterbium sulfate (Yb2(SO4)3) in water drops from 44.2 g per 100 g of water at 0°C to 5.8 g per 100 g of water at 90°C. Table 16.1 lists the solubilities of some common substances at various temperatures.
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About Me
- Gary Hi10spro Sakuma
- I have played for 25 years and coached for the last 17 years--certified United States Professional Tennis Association Professional One--worked for Punahou Schools-voted the #1 Sports School in the United States, as a Program Supervisor, in charge of coaching the High Performance Players as well as coordinating programs for K-12 and Tennis Pro Education.
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